Seeing Renaissance glass: art, optics, and glass of early modern Italy, 1250-1425

Abstract

With the invention of eyeglasses around 1260 near Pisa the mundane medium of glass transformed early modern optical technology and visuality. It also significantly influenced contemporaneous art, religion, and science. References to glass are found throughout the bible and in medieval hagiography and poetry. For instance, glass is mentioned in descriptions of Heavenly Jerusalem, the Beatific Vision, and the Incarnation. At the same time, a well-known Islamic scientific treatise, which likened a portion of the eye's anatomy to glass, entered the scientific circles of the Latin West. Amidst this complex web of such glass-related phenomena early modern Italian artists used glass in some of their most important artworks but, until now, no study has taken a comprehensive look at this important phenomenon. 'Seeing Renaissance Glass' explores how artists such as Giotto, Duccio, Nicola Pisano, Simone Martini, and others, employed the medium of glass --whether it be depictions of glass or actual glass in the form of stained glass, gilded glass, and transparent glass-- to resonate with the period's complex visuality and achieve their artistic goals.